身心動作教育應用於改善運動員肩部疼痛指數與肌電之效果研究

A study of the effect of somatic movement education on reducing shoulder pain and EMG in athletes

本研究以身心動作教育(Somatic Movement Education)的觀點為基礎，融合身體結構教學、呼吸與意念、動作調整等內容，設計一套身心動作調整的教學課程，針對台東大學體育學系15位患有肩部疼痛之運動代表隊學生為對象，進行一系列身心動作教育之課程及練習，以瞭解該課程對運動員肩部疼痛的改善效果。身心動作教育課程乃依據身心學的理論為基礎所發展，從第一人稱(我)的角度，透過一系列身心調整之教育課程，提高對自我身體的認知與控制、開發覺察能力及調整身體不良的使用，進而減低疲勞和改善運動傷害、調整心理狀態，提供選手自我身體溝通的方法，自我探索肩部疼痛發生的根源，進而尋求改善與治療的途徑。本研究分別於課程實施的前、後階段，藉由肌電圖來檢測肌肉使用的情況，並於每週檢測疼痛指數等資料，來評定選手在身心動作調整的學習與練習後，對於肩部疼痛的改善效果。研究發現：研究期間雖然選手依舊接受訓練但是疼痛的情況仍然獲得顯著的減輕(p<.05)，疼痛指數於2-3週提高，之後逐週降低(p<.05)；傷側肩部之外展、內旋、外旋、前舉及後舉等五個面向動作之肌電圖檢測的表現，皆獲得顯著的改善效果(p<.05)。顯示在身心動作練習之初期，疼痛會升高，繼而逐週顯著的降低；肩部的五種動作在研究後皆操作的比較輕鬆。

This study aimed to reduce the athletes’ shoulder pain owing to sport injury or over use by implementing a series of somatic movement education program. Somatics is the study of lived experience and the embodiment process. The appreciation of inner and outer awareness in human movement becomes the main essence of Somatics study. Emphasizing the experience from within， somatic practitioners have developed many different ways for body-mind integration. For athletes， the attainment of peak performance is through nothing but the human body， which plays a very important role in the world of sport. However， many athletes are suffered from shoulder pain because of body mis-use or over use， and sport injury for a long period of time. Therefore， the somatic practice can provide athletes with an opportunity to open body awareness， to find their ways for releasing their body fatigue and pain， and to understand the profound value of body knowing and self-healing. Based on the concept of Somatics， this study was to offer somatic education program for 15 athletes with shoulder pain from National Taitung University. In this program， somatic movement exploration with breathing exercise was adapted for solving their shoulder problem. The Electromyogram (EMG) was recorded during pre- and post- period of this program and the Shoulder Pain Scale were collected every week. The data were analyzed to check the effect of releasing the shoulder pain after this program. The result showed most of the athletes felt much better in their injured shoulder after this somatic program. Even though they were still under the pressure of hard training， the shoulder pain was gradually released (p<.05).