小學國語文摘寫大意的教學過程分析─以議論文為例

How to teach summary writing in elementary schools--Take argumentative essays for instance

閱讀為兒童學習知識的基礎，也是從事其他學習不可或缺的主要工具。閱讀做為獲得知識的工具，其中很重要的一項就是摘取文章的大意，摘取大意是一種重要的閱讀理解策略，在職場上老師本身不知道怎麼去教它。本文旨在介紹議論文體的大意教學。因為不同文體有著不同的章法結構，而文章結構的熟悉，是大意教學的關鍵所在，所以本文先介紹議論文體的結構特徵，找出其中的要素。其次本文認為國小高年級學童，對於論理的議論文學習抽象概念正值萌芽時期，宜於減輕認知負荷，所以本文提出簡化的議論體結構作為大意教學應用，最後舉出實際課文例子，示範提問與抽取大意的教學技巧，期望對小學國語文教學有所助益。

Reading is the foundation for children’s learning and an essential tool for all kinds of learning. Summarizing is an important reading strategy; however， teachers don’t know how to teach it. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the argumentative essays of articles on teaching summarizing; therefore， different genres of articles have different structures and being familiar with structures of an article is the key to teaching summarizing. Also， it’s believed that for senior elementary school students who are in the initial period of learning abstract concept of argumentative essays， to relieve the burden of cognition by applications of simplified structures of argumentative essays and examples of real essays plus exemplification of summarizing and questioning are potentially beneficial to teaching summarizing in elementary school.