高考公平的忧思与求索

The National College Entrance Examination Reform：Concerns and Practice

本文从高考的形式、内容与录取三个环节，基于国际与现实两个视角，理性反思了高考改革的公平问题。从世界范围看，虽然各国在国情、文化、制度、社会发展等方面千差万别，但在高等教育入学机会的公平理念与追求上并无二致。目前我国在高考的形式、内容与录取三方面都存在较为突出的不公平问题。高考的不公平是一个不容忽视的社会隐患，高考改革必须首重公平。当然，绝对公平的高考改革永远是一种理想，不可能存在满足各种公平要求和各方利益诉求的改革方案，但相对公平应成为我们的现实追求。

Based on international and reality angles， the paper rethinks fairness of the National College Entrance Examination reform by examining the examinational form， content， and matriculation. Though different countries or regions have different situations， their ideal of and pursuit for fair opportunities on higher education are basically the same. In China， there still exists vast unfairness in the National College Entrance Examination， which has constituted a social hazard that should not be ignored. The National College Entrance Examination reform thus should pay more attention to the fairness， though it is impossible to find a perfect reform proposal that can satisfy all kinds of fair needs and all parties’ benefit appeals.