高校自主招生改革：动因、问题与对策

The Independent Recruitment Reform in Higher Education Institutions：Motivations, Challenges, and Approaches

自主招生是高校适应自主办学和素质教育要求而实施的重要变革，受高校、政府、基础教育及社会舆论推动。这项改革增强了招考的选择性与适应性，但也存在公平与效率等方面的突出问题。重点大学自主招生不利于农村考生和弱势群体的平等竞争，自主选拔成本高、效率低，也未能降低中学生的学业压力和升学竞争程度。推进自主招生改革，应坚持科学发展观，大力促进基础教育均衡发展，扩大选才面；应全面理解自主招生的含义，兼顾高校办学要求和国家、社会的根本利益；改进招生选拔方式，提高选才效率；加强社会监督和舆论引导，扩大自主招生的社会诚信。

Impacted by governments， colleges and universities， the basic education， and the social public opinions， the independent recruitment reform is a significant change to higher education institutions， which need to meet requests of running independent schools and of improving the quality of education. Although the reform has increased the adaptability and selectivity of enrollment， it also created serious challenges to efficiency and equity. Independent Recruitment in key universities is not only unequal for rural students and the underprivileged， but also has problems of high cost and low efficiency. Furthermore， it cannot lessen vast pressures of middle school students. To promote the independent recruitment reform， we should adopt the following approaches：﹝1﹞to achieve a balanced development of elementary education and to enlarge the scale of selection pool by insisting scientific concepts of development; ﹝2﹞to understand the reform thoroughly and therefore to balance requirements of higher education institutions and fundamental benefits of the country and society; ﹝3﹞to improve recruitment approaches and efficiency; ﹝4﹞to enhance social supervision and the guiding for public opinions， as well as to promote public trust in independent recruitment.