央属高校招生名额分配的原则和方案设计

Principles and Scheme Designs of Enrollment Quota Allocation for National Key Universities

由于我国央属高校的地区分布不均衡，加之招生名额分配缺乏明确、合理的依据和有力的统筹，导致不同地区学生就读优质高校的机会差异悬殊，引起了社会的质疑和不满。本文通过大规模的数据分析，直观地描述了目前在分省配额制之下，我国各省考生就读央属高校入学机会的差异及其影响因素，提出了促进央属高校入学机会均衡化的基本原则，并在对多种方案进行模拟计算后，提出了可以大幅度改进招生名额分配的公平性且具有较强现实操作性的建议方案。

Due to the uneven regional distribution of national key universities and the vague university enrolling system that lacks reasonable basis and powerful arrangement， students from different provinces have had significantly varied opportunities to receive high-quality higher education. It has caused social problems. By mass data analysis， this paper describes differences of admission opportunity among students from different regions and points out factors that affect admission opportunities. It also identifies a series of basic principles to equalize opportunities of getting admitted by national key universities. Based on analogue computation for several models， this paper provides a reasonable and practical solution which can improve fairness in the process of enrollment.