高考录取分数线的演变及成因探析----兼论高等教育入学机会的区域分配

Research on Distributing the Entrance to Higher Education

本文分析了恢复高考以来各省分数线演化的基本走势，并从高校招生数、高等教育资源和基础教育水平等方面分析了原因，认为＂倾斜的高考分数线＂的形成与各地非均衡发展的经济、人口、文化、就业和教育资源配置及地理位置等息息相关，考试公平是一种理想方向，区域公平则是根据国情做出的现实选择。对于入学机会的分配，要区分社会提供的教育机会和非社会提供的教育机会，既要采取有效措施调控政府宏观政策带来的区域间教育机会的不平等，也要尊重和保护地理位置等非社会因素提供的教育机会不平等。

This paper examines basic tendencies of admission scores of the National College Entrance Examinations since 1977， and analyze reasons from enrollment numbers， resources of higher education， and quality of K-12 education. The author pointed out that the favored scores for admission of the National College Entrance Examination is rooted in the imbalanced development of politics， economy， culture， population， and education among different regions. The future reform should first make efforts in realizing regional equity and then gradually pursue the ideal of examination equity. It is necessary to gradually eliminate the inequality of educational opportunity that is caused by social factors such as unequal distribution of educational resources. Meanwhile， the society should respect and protect reasonable differences caused by nonsocial factors such as geographic location， which is also in conformity with the principle of equity and efficiency.