教育改革與政治制約──張百熙與京師大學堂的重建

Education Reform and Political Constraint: Zhang Baixi and the Reestablishment of the Imperial University of Peking

京師大學堂是清末教育改革中的重要一項。在張百熙的領導下，大學堂在堅持傳統文化的基礎上積極開拓，呈現出一派新氣象。由於中國一向是教育服從行政領導，所以，雖然大學堂是在存舊的基礎上開新，但是手握實權而思想守舊的樞府權臣，為了維護固有的意識型態和思想基礎，通過政治權力對大學堂進行嚴密監督和制約，以致張百熙最後不得不黯然離開大學堂。

Reestablishing the Imperial University of Beijing was a key aspect of the Education Reform in late Qing Dynasty. Led by Zhang Baixi， the Imjperial University explored actively on the basis of the traditional culture， and presented new atmosphere. In order to consolidate and strengthen the Confucian ideology， the high officials strictly supervised and confined the Imperial University through their political power. Zhang Baixi finally had to leave the Imperial University with a heavy heart.