中国民族自治地区和非民族自治地区义务教育生均支出分析

An Empirical Study of Per—student Spending in Chinese Minority and Non—minority Districts

本研究利用2000年全国教育财政基层报表数据，对全国民族自治地和非民族自治地区义务教育阶段的生均支出进行了简要分析。研究发现，民族自治地区义务教育阶段的生均教育支出水平低于非非民族自治地区；在民族自治地区比较售中的”二片”和”三片”地区，特别是在小学层次，民族自治地区和非民族自治地区的生均支出水平并无明显差距；在初中阶段，两类民族地区的生均支出水平也非 本片地区最低的。研究的描述统计分析还发现，在义务教育阶段，民族自治地区学校相对于非民族自治地区，总支出中来自预算内的比重较大（即民族自治地区的教育支出相对于非民族自治地区来说，更依赖预算内收入，而较少从学生家庭和社区汲取教育资源）。多元回归分析发现，中国义务教育财政并不满足”财富中立性”或”财政中立性”的原则；但在其它条件相同的情况下，民族自治地区的生均支出（收入）水平高于非民族地区。

Using national grassroots—level education finance data for the year 2000， this study analyzed the per—student spending of compulsory education in minority and non—minority districts in China. It is found that the spending level of minority districts is lower than that of non—minority districts. However， more in—depth analysis finds that especially at the primary level there are no evident funding gaps between minority and non—minority districts in the minority—concentrated “Region Two” and “Region Three”. Per—student spending of the two types of minority districts at the junior—secondary level is not the lowest in their own regions， either. The descriptive analysis also reveals that in compulsory education schools in minority districts rely more on budgetary funding and thus mobilize to a lesser extent from student families and communities than do their non—minority counterparts. Multi—regression analysis indicated that financing of Chinese compulsory education is neither “wealth—neutral” nor “fiscally—neutral”. All else being equal， minority districts have higher per—student spending relative to non—minority districts.