内隐理论的历史视野与当代探索概念澄清及方法考虑

The Historical Horizon and Contemporary Exploration on Implicit Theories：Conceptual Clarifications and Methodological Considerations

常识心理学占科学心理学的演化、发展共同建构了心理学的历史。常识心理学重归心理学研究的视野，可为科学心理学超越自身局限提供资源。本文以内隐理论为切入点，通过概念澄清、方法学及研究方法考虑，试图发掘常识心理学的潜质。内隐理论研究，是由研究者和研究对象共同激活、表征，进而重构内隐理论的过程。内隐理论研究应立足于问题中心的基本态度和立场。本文进而讨论欧陆解释学、苏俄对话理论以及心理学研究传统为内隐理论研究提供的可能道路。

The evolution of commonsense psychology and scientific psychology constitutes the history of psychology. Reintergrating into the horizon of psychological studies， commonsense psychology is helpful in providing resources for the scientific psychology to transcend its limitations. With the construct “implicit theories” as focus， the present essay aims to uncover the potentials of commonsense psychology by way of conceptual clarifications and methodological considerations. It is postulated that an implicit theory formulated by laymen shares the similar structure and function of a scientific theory， and plays the role of a paradigm or framework for everyday understanding and explanation. Research on im0plicit theories is a process of their elicitation， representation and reconstruction on the basis of the communicative activities of researches and elicitation， representation and reconstruction on the basis of the communicative activities of researchers and subjects. It is held that the problem—centered perspective should serve as the cornerstone in studying implicit theories. Furthermore， insights gained from the perspectives of hermeneutics and Soviet dialogism， as well as from the legacy of psychology， that suggest possible avenues in actualizing such studies， are discussed.