择校现象的国际观察与我国的政策选择

International Perspectives on the School Choice Phenomenon and the Policy Choice in China

新自由主义思潮催生了自由择校的教育改革。但自由择校并非各国学校招生的唯一模式，限制择校甚至是较多国家的政策选择。私立学校在公立学校竞争中承担着减压阀的作用。无论自由择校还是限制择校，基本着眼都在于保证教育的基本平等。基于学生居住地划分学校招生区域的模式，确实存在着先天的不平等。自由择校虽然事对家长权利的肯定，但能否改善学习质量并惠及所有学生，促进教育平等目前尚无定论。我国择校问题的最终解决当然是教育资源的均衡化，但当前突出的问题是不公平。强化学校分区，实现法律面前人人平等是教育政策的当务之急和明智之举。

The birth of neo-liberalism has led to the appearance of the educational reform of free school choice. However， free school choice is not the only enrollment pattern. More countries adopt restrictive school choice as their policy. Private schools act as pressure reducing valve in the competition among public schools. Both Free school choice and restrictive school choice focus on the importance of essential education equality. There is indeed an innate inequality in the area-division enrollment pattern based on students’ residential places. Though free school choice is an affirmation of parents’ rights， it remains a question as whether it can improve the quality of learning， benefit all students and promote educational equality. In China the ultimate solution to the problem of school choice is to balance educational resources， but inequality is the pressing problem at the present time. It is an urgent and advisable task in educational policy to intensify area-division enrollment pattern and realize the goal that all are equal before the law.