公平之困－二戰後美國高等教育入學機會分配政策的歷史變遷

The Dilemma of Educational Equity: Evolution of the Policy on Distributing Access Opportunities to American Postsecondary Institutions

教育公平是一个充满争议性的问题，它具有历史性和相对性，并随着利益关联者地位的变化而出现矛盾和冲突。本文以高等教育入学机会的分配为切入点，审视了二次世界大战后美国政府在高等教育普及化和民主化方面所做出的努力和尝试，分析了美国高等教育入学机会分配政策的历史变迁及其面临的问题和困境，并在此基础上，进一步阐释教育公平问题。

Education equity is really a controversial issue with historical and relative nature and changes frequently with the change of status of stakeholders. Therefore， the practical approaches rather than conceptual debate will contribute to understand the issue of equity. The paper primarily concerns the distribution of opportunity of access to postsecondary education， examining the American Federal government s efforts and experience of popularization and democratization of postsecondary education since The World War. It traces the historical trends of the policy on the access opportunities to American postsecondary institutions， and explores the dilemma of educational equity. Based on the analysis， this paper further explains the issue of educational equity.