西方社区感研究的现状与趋势

Psychological Sense of Community in Western Countries

社区感指社区成员之间及其同团体之间的相互影响与归属感，通过彼此承诺而使成员需要得以满足的共同信念，并且以社区历史为基础所形成的情感联结。文章首先说明了社区感概念的形成与发展；然后着重介绍了西方在不同类型社区感、社区感影响因素及测量工具方面取得的新成果；最后展望了该领域在研究方法、研究内容和社区感能力培养方面的发展趋势。

Sense of community is a mutual influence that community members have on each other and their related community， a feeling that members have of belonging， a shared faith that members’ needs will be met by their commitment to be together， and an emotional connection that is formed on the community history. Initially， this article presents the formulation and development of PSOC concept. Then the article introduces some recent achievements on different types of PSOC， influential factors of PSOC and measurement. Finally， the article points out that the trend of further research should be focused on varying methods， expanding the research fields and developing PSOC competency.