竞技运动中自我控制的逆效应

Ironic Effects of Self Control in Competing Sport

自我控制的逆效应是指在高压力下，在进行努力地自我控制的过程中产了与意愿相反的心理状态的现象。文章介绍了逆加工理论的双过程模型，评论了与竞技运动相关的动作控制、情绪控制、消极表象抑制、放松和集中注意的心理控制的逆加工效应研究，并指出竞技运动中自我控制的逆加工效应研究存在三方面的局限：缺乏生态学效度、心理控制的逆效应的测量不够客观和应对策略研究不足，未来的研究应该在这三个方面有所改进。

Ironic effect of self-control refers to paradoxical or counter-intentional mental state effects arising during efforts at self control under high pressure. This article briefly describes that dual-process model of self control and theory of ironic processes， what follows is a brief discussion of evidence of ironic effects for those domains of self control relevant to competing sport. Specifically， these are movement， image suppression， thought suppression， mood control， intentional relaxation and concentration， and so on. This article indicates that three limitations of the present researches of ironic effects in competing sport：deficiency of validity of ecology， lack objectivity of measurement on ironic effects and less researches of coping strategy. Future study should improve on these limitations.