国外乐观研究述评

A Brief Introduction of Optimism Research in the Western

乐观是积极心理学研究中的核心概念之一。综观国外有关乐观的研究成果，认为乐观是一个与个体的未来定向密切相关的概念，是影响人的身心健康的重要因素。主要介绍了有关乐观的概念，包括乐观的期望─价值模型论，人格特质论和解释风格论；单因素、二因素、三因素和等级模型的心理结构；以及相应的测量方法。在中国文化背景下有关乐观的神经生物学基础的研究和乐观对人的身心健康的影响机制的研究是未来的研究趋向。

The optimism is one of the most important central concepts in the Positive Psychology. Optimism has a high correlation with the people’s future focus and optimism is the predictor of people’s physical-mental health， This article summs up the optimism main researches on the optimism conception， including the expectancy-value theory、personality trait theory and explanatory style theory， and the optimism structure， including the unidimensional structure、bidimensional structure、three factors model and the second-order construct， and the corresponding measurement . The research on the neurobiology of optimism and its influence mechanism on people’s physical-mental health in Chinese culture context is the trend of research in this field.