音乐知觉期待的研究述评

A Review on Researches of Musical Perceptual Expectation

音乐知觉期待是音乐时间知觉过程中重要的心理现象，它直接影响音乐作为时间艺术的本质特性。文章主要探讨了和音乐知觉期待相关的以下几方面问题：音乐知觉期待存在的范畴，音乐知觉期待依靠音乐元素的四种期待率，音乐知觉期待存在的两种类别和采用的五种研究范式，音乐知觉期待研究的主要领域(神经生理机制、记忆和启动效应等方面)，以及音乐知觉期待通过音乐时间知觉和时间估计对音乐时间操作的影响。展望该领域今后研究的方向，可以认为，对音乐知觉期待的心理特征和存在条件在音乐时间操作中作用的进一步研究，将在很大程度上揭示音乐时间操作中的普遍现象——计时偏差的真正原因。

The article reviewed the latest progress in the field of musical perceptual expectation from five main aspects： the origin of musical perceptual expectation; the four ratings of music events that musical perceptual expectation depend; the two classify and five study methods to musical perceptual expectation; the main fields that musical perceptual expectation research in， such as ERP(Event-Related Potential of Musical Expectancy)， attention， memory， and priming effect. The music expectancy affect the time of music performance because of different musical event perception and different music time estimation. At last， the article concerned about the direction for future research， and pointed out the importance to study the function and characteristic of expectancy in music performance and its time deviation.