从认知神经的角度看内隐记忆和外显记忆的分离

Cognitive Neuroscience Research on the Dissociation between Implicit and Explicit Memory

当前的一些理论观点认为，内隐记忆和外显记忆依赖于两种不同的记忆系统，它们与大脑的不同区域相联系。该文通过回顾以往相关研究，从神经心理学及神经成像两方面对两种记忆系统的分离现象进行概述：在神经心理学领域发现的证据表明内隐记忆在神经解剖上与外显记忆是分离的；使用fMRI和PET技术，研究者观察到与内隐记忆有关的枕颞区及左下前额区中衰减的神经活动，以及与外显记忆有关的内侧颞区、前额皮层和后内侧顶皮层中增强的活动；使用ERP技术，研究也发现了两种记忆神经系统在时空上的不同特征。

Implicit memory and explicit memory are two distinct memory systems underlying different neural substrates. This article reviews the relevant studies of dissociation between implicit and explicit memory from two aspects： neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies. The neuropsychological evidence indexes that implicit memory is dissociated from explicit memory in neuroanatomy. Using the haemodynamic techniques of fMRI and PET， the most common finding is a decreased haemodynamic response in occipitotemporal cortex and left inferior prefrontal region for implicit memory， and a increased haemodynamic response in medial temporal lobe， prefrontal cortex and posterior medial parietal cortex for explicit memory. ERP studies have also found that there is different spatial and temporal distribution between implicit and explicit memory. At last， the author puts forward some advice for future research.