学习的社会建构

The Social Construction of Learning

本文主要讨论四种学习理论，即功能主义、行为主义、认知主义和情境学习。作者回顾了这四种学习理论的演变和发展，从功能主义心理学的相互影响论，发展到行为主义的以环境为中心，和认知主义的以生物体为中心，再回到情境学习的相互影响论。本文考察了不同学习概念的社会建构特点，认为不同的学习概念有不同的社会效果和不同的社会来源，学习概念既是被社会建构的，也在社会中具有建设性。

The article addresses four theories of learning， i.e. functional psychology， behaviorism， cognitivism and situated learning. The author reviews the evolution and development of four theories of learning， from a transactional concept in functional psychology to an environment-centered concept in behaviorism， then to an organism-centered concept in cognitivism， and back to a transactional concept in situated learning. By analyzing the socially constructed character of different concepts of learning， it is found that different concepts of learning have different social effects as well as different social origins. Concepts of learning are both socially constructed and socially constructive.