幼兒營養與幼兒園健康促進

Early Childhood Nutrition and Preschool Health Promotion

幼兒期的營養奠定一生健康基礎。營養由飲食而來，我國國民營養健康狀況變遷調查追蹤幼兒的飲食攝取，近年的顯示，4~6歲幼兒乳品、蔬菜和水果有攝取不足的情形，相關聯地，幼兒的維生素D、鈣質和纖維也呈現攝取偏低。幼兒體位，在開發中國家擔心過重或肥胖的問題多於生長發育不良，以國內102年~105年數據觀察，男女幼童「過重」加上「肥胖」的盛行率，男童為20.4%、女童為15.7%，男童的問題稍高於女童。政府有許多頒定的法規展示對於幼兒營養的重視與保護，也有「幼兒園餐點食物內容及營養基準」公告全國，讓幼兒園供應餐點有所依循。更積極的照顧幼兒營養的方法，為在幼兒園推動營養健康促進方案。國內從民國108年起推動幼兒園健康促進試辦計畫至今，營養議題為四大議題之一，推動方式，為依據計畫制定的三大面相（幼兒園健康政策、幼兒健康技巧和行為、家長溝通和社區資源）和公版的目標、策略、指標，由有興趣加入推動的幼兒園，在計畫的訪輔人員輔導及協助下進行園內可以推行的執行方案，自我監測、自我進步。推動幼兒園營養健康促進，增進幼兒健康，等同是增進國力，此將是全國幼兒、家長及全民之福。

Nutrition during early childhood lays the foundation for lifelong health. Nutrition comes from diet. The National Health and Nutrition Status Survey in Taiwan (NAHIT) has tracked the dietary intake of young children. Recent data show that children aged 4-6 years have insufficient intake of dairy products, vegetables, and fruits. Correspondingly, their intake of vitamin D, calcium, and fiber is also lower than recommended. Regarding children's body weight, concerns in developing countries tend to focus more on overweight and obesity than on malnutrition. Observing data from 2013 to 2016 in Taiwan, the prevalence of ''overweight'' and ''obesity'' among preschool children was 20.4% for boys and 15.7% for girls, with a slightly higher rate in boys. The government has enacted several regulations to emphasize and protect children's nutrition, including the announcement of the ''Food Content and Nutritional Standards for Preschool Meals'' nationwide, providing guidelines for meal planning in preschools. A more proactive approach to ensuring children's nutrition involves promoting health and nutrition programs in preschools. Since 2019, Taiwan has implemented pilot health promotion projects in preschools, with nutrition being one of the four main focus areas. These projects are based on three key aspects (preschool health policies, children's health skills and behaviors, and communication with parents and community resources), with clear goals, strategies, and key indicators. Participating preschools, with the guidance and support of project coordinators, implement feasible plans within their institutions, engage in self-monitoring, and work towards continuous improvement. Promoting nutrition and health in preschools enhances the health of young children, which, in turn, contributes to national strength, benefiting children, parents, and the entire population.