谁改变了我们的常识？ ─ 美国教育保守主义运动与教育不平等

Who Changed Our Common Sense？ ─ Neo─liberalism, Neo─conservatism, and Education Inequality in the United States

本文考察和分析了美国教育走向保守主义的趋势及其所引发的冲突和斗争。美国教育政策的保守趋势运动是多元的，存在着不同的取向，主要有四种力量构成：新自由主义、新保守主义、威权民粹主义和正处在上升阶段的由专业人员和管理人员所构成的新中产阶级。本文侧重探讨了保守主义在改造美国教育的运动中居于领导地位的前两支力量，并认为在教育和社会政策的领域，这些力量成功地构建成一个联盟，该联盟成功的重要原因在于对常识的改造，作者将之称为”保守主义的现代化”。

The article examines the rising conservative trends in American education and consequent tensions and struggles. Conservatism in American educational policy is of multiple dimensions. It involves four main groups：neoliberalism， neoconservatism， authoritative popularism， and the newly rising middle class comprising the professional and the managerial. The article presents an in─depth analysis of what Apple terms as “conservative mdoernisation”：a successful alliance established by neo─liberatism and neo─conservatism， which are the two leading forces in American educational reform， have become very influential in redefining common sense in American educational and social life.