学术职业发展：历史变迁与现代转型

The Development of Academic Profession：Historical Variance and Modern Transformation

学术职业是社会劳动分工的产物，欧洲中世纪后期社会的变迁为学术职业的形成提供了基础，以思想和传授思想的学术职业成了当时的一种新的职业类型，并促进了欧洲中世纪大学的兴起。大学作为学术职业的工作平台和组织为其提供发展和保护。在近千年的历史变迁过程中，学术职业的发展和各国社会变迁相伴相随，呈现出各自不同的形态。现代学术职业秉承现代大学的使命，发生了重要的历史转型。这种现代转型继承了欧洲中世纪学术职业的精神内核，在外在表现上又呈现出不同的特征。

Academic profession is the product of social divisions of labor. The social change of the late medieval Europe provides the basis for the formation of academic profession. So academic profession imparting ideas became a new type of profession at the moment and promoted the rise of medieval universities of Europe. As the working platform and organization of academic profession， universities offer development and protection for it. In the process of thousand years of historical changes， the development of academic profession accompanies the socail changes of all countries and takens on different forms. Modern academic profession undertakes the mission of modern universities and produces important historical transform. The modern transform inherits the spiritual essence of medieval academic profession of Europe and takes on different characters in the outer representation.