借鉴日本大学教师依法管理的思考

Some Thoughts on Learning from the Law-based Management of College Teachers in Japan

第二次世界大战后的日本，荆棘遍地、百废待新。日本新宪法第23条[学问自由予以保障]的原则，奠定了日本大学教师学问自由、管理自治的法律基础。依据宪法精神，《教育基本法》、《学校教育法》、《教育公务员特例法》等与大学教师相关的系列法律相继出台，以此为基础确立了日本大学教师管理制度。中国改革开放以来，在教育立法方面，全国人大及其常委会先后通过了《教师法》、《教育法》、《高等教育法》等与大学教师管理相关的法律，使中国大学教师管理步入了有法可寻、有法可依的轨道。但是与日本等发达国家相比，中国的教育立法迟滞了30多年，大学教师内部管理制度的法律基础还相当薄弱。学习、借鉴日本等发达国家大学教师依法管理的先进经验，对于建设具有中国特色的大学教师管理制度的法律基础具有重要的现实意义。

After Japan was defeated in World War Ⅱ， it was overgrown with brambles， all neglected projects needs reestablishment. New Constitution was drawn up in November 1946. The 23rd article guarantees the intellectual freedom， which set the law basis of the intellectual freedom and self-government of the Japanese university teachers. According to the Constitution， the Education Law， School Education Law and Education Civil Servant Law came into effect in succession; the management system was established on the basis of law. Compared with some developed countries， such as Japan， the education legislature was delayed for more than 30 years. The law basis of the interior management of the university teachers is fairly weak. Learning and drawing on the advanced experience of the management of the university teachers according to laws inJapan is significant to establish the law basis of the management system of the Chinese university teachers with Chinese characteristic in reality.