战后西方教育史学流派的发展

The Development of the Postwar Western Educational Historiography

西方教育史学在战后经历了从传统教育史学到新社会教育史学再到新文化教育史学的嬗变历程，对教育史的阐释也从一元发展到多元。在各种意识形态的影响下，西方主要国家先后出现了修正派教育史学、西方马克思主义教育史学、女性主义教育史学和多元文化主义教育史学等流派。其发展的一般趋势是：各流派都有自己的特征，同时又存在交叉和相互影响的情形；各流派研究触角不同程度涉及劳工教育史、少数族裔教育史、城市教育史、妇女与性别教育史、婚姻与家庭史、儿童史、青年史和地方教育史等领域；在多元化发展的同时，存在着历史相对主义盛行和＂碎化＂危机。当代西方教育史学面临的难题是如何在多元发展的基础上进行新的综合。

There were two transformations in postwar western educational historiography：firstly from traditional educational historiography to new social educational historiography， then to new cultural educational historiography. It had also experienced a shift from unitary to multi-dimensional interpretation of educational historiography. Influenced by various ideologies， many schools of educational historiography emerge one after another in major countries of the western world， including revisionism educational historiography， western Marxism educational historiography， feminism educational historiography and multiculturalism education historiography. The general development trends are as following：firstly， each school has its own characteristics， and meanwhile they interacted with each other; secondly， each school touches on more or less the fields of labor educational historiography， minority educational historiography， urban educational historiography， female and gender educational historiography， marriage and family historiography， children historiography， youth historiography and local educational historiography etc.; thirdly， along with the multi-dimensional development， there is a risk of the popularity and fragmentation of historical relativism. The challenge the western educational historiography confront is how to facilitate a new integration on the basis of multi-dimensional development.