武陵山区基础教育机会状况及其政策优待取向

A Study of the Basic Educational Opportunities and Its Policy Preferential Orientation in Wuling Mountainous Area

基础教育机会均等内在地含有所有学龄儿童"有学上"与"上好学"的双重要求。武陵山区一直是国家推行教育反贫困战略的重点区域，在保障学龄儿童基础教育权利和机会方面已取得历史性成就。但至今仍然并未消除区内基础教育领域的"教育贫困"现象：初等教育仍未摆脱辍学率高、升学率和毕业率低的境况；高中阶段教育机会仍然与全国平均水平呈巨大差距，而优质教育资源缺乏则引致和加剧了学龄儿童自愿失辍学现象。武陵山区基础教育机会不断趋近充分、公平的过程，有赖于国家在义务教育供款、高中阶段教育政府责任分担、教育救助权益保障、社会力量办学、师资队伍结构优化等方面进一步的政策优待。

Equality of basic educational opportunities inherently contains the dual requirements: all school-aged children are able to go to school and receive good schooling. Wuling has been one of the key areas where the Government has been implementing the strategy of developing education as an anti-poverty means and great success has been achieved in terms of guaranteeing children’s right to and opportunity of basic education. However, "education poverty" phenomenon of basic education in this area has not been eliminated; the dropout rate is still high, and the enrollment rate and graduation rate are still low; compared with the national average level, its opportunities for senior education are still very low; and the lack of high-quality educational resources has aggravated the voluntary dropouts of school-age children. The realization of equal educational opportunity relies on the future policy preferential, including the funding of the Government for compulsory education, the governments’ sharing of responsibility in senior high education, the education assistance to guarantee education rights and interests, running schools by social forces, and optimizing structures of teacher groups.