「最近发展区」的多重解读及其教育蕴涵

A Multi-interpretation of ZPD and Its Educational Implication

「最近发展区」是Vygotsky社会――文化――历史理论的一个标志性概念，也是我们解决教学与发展问题的重要理论基础。对「最近发展区」概念从「认知」、「文化」、「社会」、「教育」和「人学」等角度进行多维透视，不难获得「脚手架」隐喻、情境认知、实践参与、好的教学、人的生成等多方面的启示。它为我们解决教学的准备性与发展性问题指明了具体的思路，也为我们开展有效教学找到了具体的切入点。

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a signal concept in Vygotsky's theory of social， culture and history. It is also an important theoretical basis for solving instruction and development problems. By analyzing the concept of ZPD in terms of cognition， culture， social， education， and human theory， we can get implications in the aspects of ＂scaffold＂ metaphor， scene cognition， practice participation， good teaching and human cultivation. It gives us some specific idea for solving teaching problems related to preparation and development. And it helps us find a way for effective teaching.