成就自主关怀生活意义的人──基于终极关怀的学校德育目的研究

Cultivating Man Caring For the Meaning of Life on His Own－The Study on the Aim of School Moral Education Based on Ultimate Concern

生活问题归根到底是生活意义问题。生活意义为人的生活确立根基，使人的整个生命富有灵魂和生机。对意义的需求是人存在的总体需求，对意义的追索也是人存在的永恒情结，这种永恒情结就是「终极关怀」的情结。「终极关怀」指人对生活意义的自始至终的关怀状态和过程。德育作为一项以道德为依托使人成「人」的事业，应该以「终极关怀」为精神意蕴或指向。当前，以「终极关怀」为视角思考和建构学校德育目的也是对德育回归生活的深化。终极关怀的视角下，德育目的应该是成就自主关怀生活意义的人。这种道德上受过教育的人是具备自主关怀生活意义的意识和能力的人。

The issue of life is fundamentally about the meaning of life. The meaning of life establishes groundwork for a man， and makes his whole life full of spirit and vital force. The need of the meaning of life is man’s fundamental need as being， and pursuing the meaning of life is also man’s unvarying complex， which is just the complex of “ultimate concern. “Ultimate concern means a state and process of man concerning his meaning of life from beginning to end. As a career committed itself to make man be “man based on morality， the spiritual meaning or direction of moral education should be “ultimate concern. Today， we should think about and construct the aim of school moral education in the perspective of “ultimate concern， which deepens the idea that moral education regresses to life. In the angle of “ultimate concern， the aims of moral education should be to develop a person caring for the meaning of life on his own. One who has been educated morally has the awareness and capability of caring for the meaning of life on his own.