影響績效自評的文化及情境因素之探討

Cultural and Contextual Factors Affecting Self-Rating

本研究以?個子研究探討影響績效自評之文化及情境因素。研究一（N =120）以實驗法操?「評估目的」、「評?方式」，並測?受試者之個人傳統性。結果發現：(1)「個人傳統性」對自評傾向並無影響；(2)「評估目的」對於自評傾向有所影響，當評估目的為「實際考核」時，個體之自評高於「學術研究」；(3)「評?方式」對於自評傾向有影響，當個體被要求和他人比較時，其自評高於自我?照的評估。研究二（相關法；N = 319）結果顯示：(1)自評時高估者（寬大偏差）其「社會期許需求」高於低估者（自謙偏差）；(2)低估者之「自我概?」比高估者?得負面。整體研究結果顯示，情境因素和自我概?是影響自評的重要因素；而相對??，文化價值觀對自評傾向之影響並?顯著。此外，本研究並未發現華人自評有自謙偏差傾向；相反地，多?受試者仍呈現出寬大偏差的傾向。

Two studies were conducted to examine the cultural and contextual factors which affect self-rating. In Study 1 (N=120)， it was found that (1) Ss tends to be more modest when the appraisal purpose is set for academic research instead of practical grading; (2) Ss tend to be more lenient when being asked to compare his performance with others; (3)Ss’ traditionality has no significant effect on self-rating. In study 2 (N=319)， it was found that (1) there are no significant differences in need for interpersonal harmony between modest and leniency bias Ss; (2) modesty bias Ss expressed less social desirability than leniency ones; (3) modesty bias Ss are more negative in their selfconcepts than leniency ones and (4)， as from study1， most Ss tend to express leniency bias rather than modesty bias.