作業複雜度、作業不確定性及時間壓力對多線索機率學習作業的影響

The Effects of Task Complexity, Task Uncertainty and Time Pressure on Judgment in Multiple Cue Probability Learning Task

本研究探討作業複雜度、作業不確定性及時間壓力，對多線索機率學習作業中判斷的影響。參與者學習以兩個有同等預測力的線索預測效標，參與者的表現主要以透鏡模式分析各項指標，並配合主觀策略報告瞭解其反應策略。研究結果顯示，低作業複雜度的整體成就表現較高且作業複雜度好；作業不確定越低，整體成就越好；沒有時間壓力的情況下，整體成就表現較有時間壓力時好。而上述較好的表現主要是反映在參與者有較佳的認知控制而非作業知識上。不過，作業不確定性在不同作業複雜度上有不同的影響，無論在整體成就、認知控制、作業知識，以及線索利用差異度上，都顯示在低作業複雜度的情況下，作業不確定性有較大的影響。上述結果，進一步由參與者反應策略及Hammond（2000）作業特性和思考方式關聯性的角度加以討論。

The study investigated the effects of task complexity， task uncertainty and time pressure on judgment in multiple cue probability learning tasks. Participants were trained to use two equal weighted cues to predict a criterion. Lens model analyses were used to indicate participants’ performance and the self-reports of participants were used to reflect their response strategies. The results indicated that the participants’ achievements under low task complexity were better than those under high task complexity; the achievements were higher while task uncertainty was lower; and the achievements under no time pressure conditions were better than those under time pressure conditions. Better achievement was reflected in better cognitive control rather than task knowledge. However， the effects of task uncertainty were different under different task complexity. Task uncertainty had a larger effect on achievement， cognitive control， task knowledge， and differential cue utilization under low task complexity than under high task complexity. These results were further discussed through strategies used by participants and Hammond’s theory (2000).