教育與職業不對稱的模式探討

The Models of Mismatch between Education and Occupation

由於近年來高等教育迅速擴充，教育與職業不對稱的疑慮逐漸浮現。本研究針對教育與職業不對稱的現象， 作實證的探討。研究發現，教育與職業不對稱的比例以「資格模式」最高，以「標準差模式」最低。將教育與職業不對稱此一指標用於國際比較，則以「眾數模式」最為合適，「標準差模式」因統計分配的性質而較不合適。以「資格模式」與「非資格模式」相較，「非資格模式」中的「半標準差模式」與「資格模式」最為接近。最後，「資格模式」與其他模式差異較大， 這與適量教育與否完全由個人主觀判斷有密切關係，如果能夠參考雇主評定法或是工作分析法， 將會使「資格模式」的資料更加可靠。

The situation of overeducation has gradually appeared due to an expansion of higher education. This study is therefore designed to examine whether higher education has been over exceeded. These findings of this study indicate that the Qualification Model is placed the highest ratio of overeducation while the Standard-Deviation Model is the lowest one. Compared the indicators of overeducation to those of international standard， Mode Model is the fittest indicator. Yet， Standard-Deviation Model is not a better one because of its normal distribution. In addition， compared Qualification Model to Non-Qualification Model， the Half-Standard Deviation Model of Non-Qualification Model is near to Qualification Model. Finally， regarding wage function， Qualification Model is less significant models. This indicates that personal view decides whether education influences wage or not. If taking the method of employer’s evaluation or the method of job analysis as a reference for Qualification Model， it will make Qualification Model become more reliable.