從聽音與發音探討中級越南與印尼學習者華語無聲擦音習得

The Acquisition of Mandarin Voiceless Fricatives by Intermediate Vietnamese and Indonesian Leaners: From the Perspectives of Speech Perception and Production

文獻指出華語擦音是越南與印尼學習者語音習得難點之一，華語有五個無聲擦音：唇齒擦音／f／、齒齦擦音／s／、捲舌擦音／ʂ／、硬顎前擦音／ɕ／與軟顎擦音／x／；越南語也有五個擦音，但是印尼語只有兩個擦音。本文從聽音與發音兩方面研究中級越南與印尼學習者華語擦音之習得。61位學習者分別參與聽音與發音測驗，聽音測驗採AX相似度測驗，發音測驗則是詞表念讀。聽音測驗計算所有學習者的平均分數，發音測驗則從語料記音與聲學分析兩方面分析學習者習得狀況。研究結果顯示，兩組研究對象在聽音與發音上有不同的表現，聽音上印尼學習者的表現優於越南學習者，但是發音的結果卻是相反。研究結果除了能增進對語音習得的了解外，也能對語音教學有所助益。

"Previous literature found that Mandarin voiceless fricatives is one of the difficulties for Vietnamese and Indonesian learners who are acquiring Mandarin as a second language. Mandarin has five voiceless fricatives: labio-dental /f/, alveolar /s/, retroflex /ʂ/, palatal /ɕ/ and velar /x/. Vietnamese also has five voiceless fricatives but Indonesian only has two voiceless fricatives. This study aims to investigate these two groups of learns' acquisition of Mandarin voiceless fricatives. A total of 61 subjects participated in a production and a perception task. In the production task, the participants were asked to read a word list with all Mandarin fricatives in the word-initial position. In the perception experiment, subjects participated in an AX similarity rating task. The production data were first analyzed by transcription and then acoustic analysis. The perception data were analyzed by averaging the scores. The results show that Vietnamese learners' productions are better than that of Indonesian learners. However, the perception data shows that Indonesian learners outperform Vietnamese learners. The findings of this study would advance our understanding of second language phonetic acquisition and be beneficial for future pronunciation teaching."