探究Collingwood的美學理論及其在中小學教學上之啟示   免費試閱

A Study of Collingwood’s Aesthetics and Its Implications of Pedagogies in Primary and High Schools

本研究主旨乃探討二十世紀英國思想家R. G. Collingwood的美學思想—「藝術即表達」，並反思其觀點在教學現場之啟示。首先，針對美學的發展做一簡要回顧，研究者並認為美學對於教育而言，不應該只被視為和音樂、繪畫等傳統藝術科目有關而已。其次，研究者探討Collingwood所屬的表現主義美學派別之內涵，以及影響Collingwood美學思想深遠的義大利思想家B. Croce「藝術即直覺」的主張。再者，從Collingwood兩階段時期的著作《藝術哲學大綱》和《藝術原理》討論其美學思想，以及從〈藝術在教育中的地位〉一文中探討Collingwood所論述藝術與教育的關聯。最後，藉由檢視Collingwood的美學思想，提出三點在教學上之啟示：一、教師應思考如何讓學生領受到學科當中的美；二、重視語言的表達；三、重視想像和創造，不要只停留在模仿。

The main goal of this study is to discuss the aesthetics of the British thinker R. G. Collingwood and its implications on pedagogies. First of all, an overview on the development of Collingwood’s aesthetics is provided, and then the relationship between aesthetics and education is discussed. I argue that aesthetics is not only significantly linked with traditional art subjects such as music and painting, but it is also related to other subjects as well. Secondly, the key concepts of Collingwood’s system of aesthetics, express aesthetics, and the Italian philosopher B. Croce are analyzed, as Croce’s claim “art as intuition” greatly influenced Collingwood. Thirdly, the development of Collingwood’s aesthetics is discussed through his classics: Outlines of a Philosophy of Art and The Principles of art, and is followed by another discussion on the relationship between art and education as mentioned in Collingwood’s article from a different phase of his lifespan “The place of art in education.” Finally, three concluding remarks for pedagogies in primary and high schools are proposed, including that school teachers should reflect to help students on how to experience the beauty of the subjects; educational practitioners should stress the development of students’ linguistic expression; and educationalists should encourage students to imaging and to create rather than just imitate when they learn.