美國2016與2019國家人工智能研究與發展策略計畫評析

Evaluation and Analysis of National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategy Plan in the United States in 2016 and 2019

美國科技領先世界各國，在人工智能（Artificial Intelligence, AI）的研發上，也力求美國第一。新近因應人工智能的快速發展與國際競爭，從總統Obama任期後段開始，美國就多次召開AI高階諮詢與研討會，並網羅各界菁英，總統且簽行政命令，提出AI倡議計畫，最為重要的是2016年美國政府提出《國家人工智能研究與發策略計畫》（簡稱《2016版》）。2019年6月，再將《2016版》修正與更新，提出《國家人工智能研究與發策略計畫：2019更新》（簡稱《2019更新版》）。本文主要即根據美國聯邦政府AI研發計畫《2016版》與《2019更新版》詳加闡述、分析與討論。全文主要重點有美國人工智能之發展與政策制定，美國國家人工智能研究與發展策略計畫研訂之相關背景，美國國家人工智能研發策略計畫之倡議原則與策略要項，美國AI研發計畫《2019更新版》八大策略之內涵，以及美國國家人工智能研究與發展策略計畫之啟示。在AI研發攸關下一代科技發展與生活幸福的當下，本文可供政府、教育與學術人員、業界，以及關心AI發展之各界人士參考與深度省思。

American science and technology leads the world, and in the research and development of artificial intelligence (AI), it also strives to America first sustainability. Recently, in response to the rapid development of artificial intelligence and international competition, from the year of latter term of Obama’s presidency, the United States has held several high-level AI consultations and seminars, and has gathered various elites, the president and signed administrative orders, and proposed AI initiatives. The most important thing is that in 2016 the US government proposed the “National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategy Plan” (referred to as the “2016 Edition”). In June this year, the “2016 Edition” would be revised and updated, and the “National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategy Project: 2019 Update” (referred to as “2019 Update”) has been proposed. This article is mainly based on the US AI R&D program “2016 Edition” and “2019 Update” detailed explanation, analysis and discussion. The main topics of the thesis are the development and policy formulation of artificial intelligence in the United States, the relevant background of the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategy Plan, the Initiative Principles and Strategic Requirements of the National Artificial Intelligence R&D Strategy Plan, and the US AI R&D Program. The 2019 update edition of the connotation of the eight major strategies, as well as the enlightenment of the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategy Project. At the moment when AI research and development is the next generation of science and technology development and people happiness, this paper can be used for reference and deep thinking by the our government, educators and academic personnel, the industry, and people from all walks of life who care about AI development.