川普時代的移民政策與教育

Immigration Policy and Education in the Trump Area

本文主要探討美國總統所提出的移民政策之改變及其對非法移民學生教育的關係。「移民」編織了美國歷史、文化與社會的多樣化。在眾多移民群體中，非法移民孩童是一特殊、被邊緣化但不可忽視的群體。自從1982年的Plyler v. Doe事件判決後，非法移民孩童已享有受公共教育的權利，但他們的高等教育入學進路卻因總統選舉和各州高等教育法令而仍爭議不斷。2012年，時任美國總統的B. Obama執行「童年入境者暫緩遣返」（Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, DACA）計畫的行政命令，讓非法移民暫時免於被遣返且享有工作和受教育的自由。但2016年總統選舉後，新上任的總統D. Trump開始執行控制移民的政策，特別是終止DACA計畫，這不僅增加非法移民學生的焦慮，也引起許多教育挑戰。

This research aims to explore the change of immigration policies initiated by USA Presidents and their relationship with education for undocumented students. “Immigration” creates the very fabric of American history, culture, and diversity in the society. Among diverse immigrants, undocumented children and youth is a particular group, who is marginalized but not be neglected. Since the case Plyler v. Doe in 1982, undocumented children have had the right of public education. However, the access to higher education for undocumented students is controversial because of the President Election and state policy in higher education. In 2012, ex-President Barack Obama implemented the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), which focuses on the temporary relief from deportation and freedom of work and education for undocumented immigrants. After the president election in 2016, Donald Trump starts to initiate his executive order on immigration control, especially the termination of the DACA. Stopping DACA in the area of Trump is likely to cause anxiety for undocumented students but also to rise challenges for their education.