偏遠地區小校再生之研究   免費試閱

Research for Reconstructing Small Schools in Rural Taiwan

由於少子化、都市化等社會結構變化之影響，偏遠地區學校呈現日漸小規模化趨勢，且承受可能被裁併校的壓力。偏遠地區小校再生發展的可能性與方向，成為當前教育決策上的重要課題。本研究除分析東亞各國相關決策背景、法令沿革、實務現況、創新思維等外，並針對位於偏遠地區之835所小學之再生發展現況，以及25縣市教育局之相關政策，進行調查與訪談。
研究結果指出，臺灣偏遠地區教育的發展，應走出向來「經濟效能」與「社會正義」兩種觀點的對峙，積極建立以「主體價值觀」為取向的偏地教育發展前景。由此可理解，偏地學校的再生發展意義有二：一、偏地學校創新發展的基本圖像―植基於鄉土的在地化教育；二、創新發展歷程激發教育人員的創新思維，開展未來學校圖像無限寬廣的可能性。至於目前偏遠地區學校創新發展的限制因素主要有三點：（一）偏遠地區小校政策方向的不確定性與不穩定性；（二）偏鄉小學創新發展的知識體系不足；（三）缺乏支持與鼓勵創新發展的制度設計。

Due to the change of population structure, it caused the decline of the birth-rates and resulted in the effect of urbanization. Therefore, the faraway elementary schools in rural area are now under the pressure of being cut down or merged into other schools. With the aim of exploring the possibility and the developing methods to help the faraway elementary schools overcome the crisis, the researcher conducted the large-scale study in order to analyze the factors influencing the idea and behavior of these faraway elementary schools.
In order to gain a holistic understanding, some research methods were considered in this study, which are 1) analysis of literature regarding the development of faraway elementary schools in East Asia, such as Japan, Korea, and China 2) questionnaire / survey of 835 faraway elementary schools' principal 3) questionnaire / survey of Educational Bureau of 25 County and City Governments 4) in-depth interviews of 12 schools in addition to the process of the creative development 5) regional focus-group interviews.
Based on the analysis and the findings, the researcher proposed the viewpoints of "subjectivity value" as the orientation and outlook of the development of faraway elementary schools. Besides, related policies were reviewed and future suggestions regarding personnel structure, school expenditures, curricula and instruction, and schoolcommunity partnership were also provided.