俄羅斯聯邦高等教育品質保證制度設計之探討   免費試閱

The Establishment of Quality Assurance System for Higher Education in the Russian Federation

俄羅斯聯邦為了面對高等教育全球化轉型的挑戰，以及解決蘇聯遺緒所帶來高等教育機構浮濫的問題，在2003年9月19日簽署《波隆納宣言》（Bologna Convention），成為歐洲高等教育區中一員，並接受了《柏林公報》（Berlin Communiqué）中〈歐洲高等教育區品質保證標準與準則〉（Standards and guidelines for quality assurance in the European higher education area）的體系，設立高等教育品質保證機制。政府透過設立「俄羅斯聯邦國家教育認證局」發展出「政府－評鑑機構－大學」之科層化模式，並採「認可制」為高等教育品質保證制度，因此，本研究主要以此制度設計為研究對象，探討俄羅斯聯邦在現有高等教育政策下，高等教育品質保證制度如何制定與執行，以符歐盟（European Union）與其國內對高等教育品質的要求，使俄羅斯聯邦能在高等教育發展上更具國際化，與歐洲各國並駕齊驅，並以此為臺灣高等教育品質保證機制之參考。

The establishment of the quality assurance system of higher education in the Russian Federation has been shaped by its Soviet legacy and by globalization. The Russian Federation signed the Bologna Convention of the European Union in September 19, 2003 and became a member of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The government regards the goals in the Bologna Declamation as the direction of Russian higher education development and budgets for a higher investment in the field of higher education. In so doing, the idea and practical implementation of higher education should be changed. Therefore on April 3, 2005 the Russian Federation reorganized "the information center of the Russian federation Ministry of Education country approval organization's information"(информационно-Методический центр государственной аккредитации министерства образования российской федерации) to the National Accreditation Agency of the Russian Federation (NAA, Национальное аккредитационное агентство в сфере образования). The new organization, subordinate to the Russian Federation of science and education, takes charge of the supervision of the quality of higher education. Through the national approval procedure, NAA guarantees the quality of higher education in the Russian Federation. Although Russia has joined the EHEA and has accepted "Standards and guidelines for quality assurance in the European higher education area" in the Berlin Communiqué and pledged to introduce this set of systems, its own different national condition has created different interpretations regarding definitions, goals, and the function and method of quality assurance of higher education. This article primarily takes the establishment of the quality assurance system of higher education in the Russian Federation as an object of study. To study how the institution of the quality assurance system of higher education in the Russian Federation ensure the formation and the execution of Russian higher education policy conforming to those requirement of European Union and its own. Russia's higher education aims to be more internationalize in line with other European Union countries. We also like to take this study as reference to improve quality assurance system of higher education in Taiwan.