获得学习模型的困境与参与学习模型的转向

The Dilemma of Acquisition Learning Model and the Shift to Participation Learning Model

根据基础信念的不同,可将学习的研究与实践分为获得与参与两种取向的模型。获得模型假定学习即获得某种实体材料的过程,参与模型假定学习即成为团体成员的过程。20世纪末期学习理论发生由获得向参与转向的原因在于,获得模型面临的认识论困境以及所产生的不良规范与价值问题。要恰当处理获得模型与参与模型的关系,须正确认识知识的迁移,不偏废一方,使二者有机互补,并根据实际需要选择与应用某个模型。

According to the differences of basic belief, learning theory and practice can be divided into acquisition-based model and participation-based model. The former presumes that learning is the acquisition of something similar to materials while the latter presumes that learning is a process of becoming a member of a community. At the end of 20th century, learning theory shifted from acquisition model to participation model due to acquisition model’s philosophical dilemma and its problems in terms of negative norms and values. In order to deal with the relationship of the two models appropriately, we should understand the knowledge transfer properly, make the two models complementary and choose and apply the appropriate model upon actual needs.