中小学卓越教师的关键特征：一项判别分析的发现

Key Features of Outstanding Teachers in Elementary and Secondary Schools: Findings Based on a Discriminant Analysis

卓越教师关键特征的识别是促进教师高水平专业发展的基础。该项研究以北京市815名中小学新教师、有经验的普通教师与获得国家级荣誉的卓越教师为样本，从教师的专业精神、学生观、教学组织与管理、教学反思与研究、学科知识、学科教学知识、教学特色及专业自主发展意识八个方面，判别分析了区分三类不同专业水平教师的关键指标。结果表明：（１）教学组织与管理、学科教学知识、教学反思与研究是中小学卓越教师共同的关键特征；（２）学生观与教学特色是小学卓越教师区别于有经验普通教师、新教师的关键特征，而学科知识与专业精神则判别中学卓越教师与其他两类教师的关键特征。

The identification of the key features of outstanding teachers is the basis to promote teachers' high-level professional development. This study investigated key features of outstanding teachers with a sample of 815elementary and secondary school teachers divided into three groups in Beijing. They were teachers with less than three years' teaching experience, ordinary teachers with more than fifteen years' teaching experience and outstanding teachers awarded with national honors. A discriminant analysis was conducted in terms of professional ethics, views of students, teaching design and organization, teaching reflection and research, subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, teaching style and autonomous professional development. Results indicate that:(1)teaching organization and management, peda gogical content knowledge, and teaching reflection and research were the common key features of outstanding teachers in elementary and secondary schools;(2)views of students and teaching style were the key features of elementary school teachers that differed them from the other two groups of elementary school teachers, while subject matter knowledge and professional ethics were the key features that distinguish outstanding teachers from the other two groups of teachers in secondary schools.