心灵与世界相连——塞尔意向性理论的教育意蕴

Connect Mind with the World: The Educational Meaning of Intentionality of John R. Searle

塞尔的意向性理论解释心灵与世界怎样联系在一起，教育要做的正是把儿童的心灵与世界联系起来，让儿童去认识和改造世界，在这一点上塞尔意向性理论可以为教育提供启示。心灵通过“内在的意向性”与世界相连，满足条件是理解意向性的关键，在语言的作用下意向性获得丰富和发展。教师要把目前对学生来讲是以“派生的意向性”为表达形式的教学内容回溯到“内在的意向性”，办法是确保满足条件实存，并且要让学生“实际地经验到”满足条件，直接经验只是“实际地经验到”的初级阶段，在意向性发展的不同阶段概念也可以“实际地经验到”，在这个过程中语言的作用至关重要，它使得心灵丰富和发展起来。

The theory of Intentionality of John R. Searle is to explain how mind connects with the world. This is consistent with the purpose of education to make children’s mind connect with the world and enable them to realize and reform the world. In this sense, Searle’s theory of Intentionality has implications to education. Mind connects with the world by "the internal intentionality", satisfying condition is the key to understand intentionality, and intentionality develops through language. Teacher should shift the teaching content represented by "the derived intentionality" back to "the internal intentionality" .The method is to make satisfying condition exist, and enable students feel it real. Direct experience is a primary stage and concept can be felt real in different developmental stages of intentionality. Function of language is crucial to the process. It enriches mind and facilitates its development.