美国全国教育协会组织结构早期沿革（１８５７—１９２０）

The Early Development of the National Education Association Structure (1857-1920)

The National Education Association (NEA) is a national education organization of the United States that lasts the longest and has the widest inlluence . In contrast to the “Representative Assembly System” that is currently implemented by NEA，the association ran in a three-layer council-centered organizational structure， namely， “neeting-council-department” untl the 1920s. Through the analysis of the annual volumes of NEA，it was found that the organizational structure formed in three phases： from the establishment in 1857 to acquiring the company status of the District of Columbia in 1886， NEA was committed to establishing institutionalized organizational structure ； after obtained the charter issued by the Congress in1907，the association was gradually developed into an educational organization with national in- lluence，and educational leaders expanded the authority of the Board of Directors to become the core of NEA； between 1907 and 1920， while the association started the “Representative Assembly System”，the intra-association conllicts intensified，and the organizational structure of the association underwent the preparatory period of democratization reform. The conllicts of different interest groups within the association and the need for social change in education pushed the vitality of NEA for its own survival and develop- ment， which was the adjustment of the organizational structure of the association.