杜威眼中的基础教育之“知识学习”

John Dewey's view of “Knowledge Learning” in Basic Education

新课改强调知识的不确定性和儿童对知识的自主理解，质疑甚至批判知识教学的可能性与必要性。对此，很多人有意无意地将它看做是杜威思想的体现，认为杜威思想是新课改的重要理论基础之一，是新课改合理性与合法性的依据所在。事实上，对于知识的价值及在教学中进行知识传授的重要性，杜威从未轻易否定。他只是在寻找一种更为有效的知识传授方式与教学模式，以期更好地平衡教育中知识与经验的关系，实现高水准的教学。在这个意义上，杜威眼中基础教育所应采取的知识学习方式，与新课改所倡导的教学理念有着本质区别。

The new curriculum reform emphasizes the uncertainty of knowledge and children's active role in understanding knowledge; and it questions or even criticizes the possibility and necessity of knowledge instruction. John Dewey's thoughts have been widely considered as one of the most important theoretical foundation and justification for the reform. However, Dewey actually never denied the value of knowledge and the importance of knowledge instruction, he was to find a more efficient way or model for knowledge instruction so as to balance the relationship between knowledge and experience and thus to improve the quality of knowledge instruction. In this sense, Dewey's concern on the way of knowledge learning is essentially different from the pedagogy idea advocated in the new curriculum reform.