人性的教化何以可能——论共同体、公民性与人性的关系

How to Cultivate Humanity: the Relationship among Community, Citizenship and Humanity

在政治共同体中，人与人之间的交往模式是以平等的公民身份为基础的互动。凭借政治共同体形成的公共生活，每一个公民作为人的丰富的内在价值和能力在共同体的多样化的机会和活动中，得以活跃、展现和发展。个体依靠共同体的不同的成员之间的相互合作、依靠分享所有其它公民共同创造的精神资源而完善自己，在共同体中生活是一个人获得德性、理性和个性的发展的根本条件。政治共同体必须以伦理的方式合理性地建构和再建构，这样才能够形成一个培育公民人性的共同生活，共同体才能发挥培养高尚人性的积极意义。共同体对于公民身份的认同是重要的，决定了共同体的性质，决定了共同生活的方式，政治共同体只有确立了公民身份及其平等，才使得共同体真正实践正义，平等地对待公民，才能真正形成公民之间友爱、团结、公正、和谐的道德关系。

In political community, the communications among members are interactions based on the equal identity of citizenship. By leading the public life, every citizen activates, unfolds and fulfills his or her internal values and capacities through participation of the diverse activities and practical opportunities initiated and provided by the community. Individuals complete themselves through cooperation with other members in the community and sharing the spiritual resources created by other citizens. The fundamental condition for every citizen to develop his or her rationality, morality and individuality is to live in the community. Therefore, political community must rationally construct and reconstruct in a moral way so that it can create the common life and public sphere to develop humanistic citizenship, and only in this way the community can exert its significance in cultivating noble humanity. The community plays an important role in the identification of citizenship, which determines the nature of the community and the way of community life. Only when political community establishes the citizenship and equity, can it treat the citizens with justice and equity, can the friendly, united, equal and harmonious relationship between citizens be formed.