决科之利: 科举时代专经现象述论——兼论科举人才的地理分布

A Ｒeview of Geographical Differences in Examination Groups and Imperial Examinations

科举专经，是指科举考试中所出现的科举群体对特定经书的依赖现象。该现象发端于唐，积淀于两宋，至元明而蔚为大观。学界对此虽已有不少关注，但就科举专经的历史演变，其所内含的科举意义等方面尚未见专论。相较于地区文化、经济等背景因素，科举人才的成功与专经取向的关联更为直接。科举地理所呈现的人才分布与地区差异，是长期以来科举专经制度与地方科举互动的结果。

This article examines the provincial examinations held in South Zhili region in the Ming Dynasty． It presents a review of the imperial examination groups and the geographical distribution． The analysis shows that metropolitan examination and provincial examinations regulated the imperial group and geographical distribution of political resources． Also，the regional distribution differences in examination groups resulted from the interaction between imperial examination system and local examinations．