《孟子》在“四书”中的学习次序探析

The Learning Sequence of Mencius in“Four Books”

自有“四书”之名以来，《孟子》在“四书”中的学习次序经历了数次变化。从朱子之学规定的“第三”，到科举考试制度下的“第四”，再到近代教育转型过程中的变化起伏，每一次变化既受到教育制度与政策的影响，同时也基于人们对于《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》四本书难易程度理解上的不同以及学习需求上的考量。《孟子》一书自身所具有的特点在“四书”教育发展的过程中受到不同程度的关注，其次序的变化也成为影响整个“四书”学习次序变化的关键。

Since the introduction of so-called“Four Books”，the learning sequence of Mencius in“Four Books”has changed several times． ZHU Xi ranked Mencius as the“third”place in the“Four Books”，and then under the imperial examination system，Mencius was ranked the“fourth”place． Later on，the learning sequence of Mencius changed with the modern educational transformation． Each change was affected not only by the educational system and policies，but also by people’s understanding of the difficulty in studying the Great Learning，the Doctrine of the Mean，the Analects of Confucius and Mencius，as well as the considerations of learning needs of these“Four Books”． In this process，the characteristics of Mencius became a kind of concern， and the learning sequence of Mencius has become a key factor influencing the learning sequence of the whole“Four Books”