兼顾童子与成人的课程设计——《论语》教本的传承特点

A Curriculum Design Based on Child and Adult: Analysis of the Textbooks of the Analects of Confucius

从原典到经学教本再到现代教材，《论语》的发展过程契合了传统教育的特点。在先秦时 期，它主要以“言行录”的形式在儒家学派内部传承; 汉代以降，“五经”教育兴起，《论语》成为“五经”教 育的辅助课程，主要作为童子学习的内容; 宋代以降，《论语》成为“四书”教育的必修课程，科举考试又 进一步增强了《论语》的重要性，《论语》也变为偏重成人学习的内容。民国以后，由于政府废止中小学 堂读经，《论语》逐渐脱离童子学习的范畴，成为学科规范下的教材内容。在《论语》的传承过程中，人们 逐渐建构起兼顾童子与成人的课程设计，体现了传统经学教本演变的特点。

From the Classics to Confucian Classics textbook and to the modern textbook，the Analects of Confucius has developed in accordance with the characteristics of traditional education． In the pre － Qin period， the Analects of Confuciuswas mainly taught in the Confucian school in the form of the“words and deeds”． During the Han Dynasty，Five Classic education sprung up，and the Analects of Confucius was adopted as a supplementary course of the Five Classics education，mainly for boys． During the Song Dynasty，“the Analects of Confucius”became a required course in the Four Books education． The imperial examination attached great importance tothe Analects of Confucius，which became an important part of adults learning． The Ｒepublic of China witnessed the abolition of Confucian Classics reading in primary and secondary schools，hence the Analects of Confucius developed away from boys’learning and was introduced as subject matters． In the inheriting process of the Analects of Confucius，a curriculum designed suitable for either boys or adults was gradually constructed，which reflects the evolution of the traditional school curriculum and textbooks．