美国大学“教”与“学”改革运动及启示

Movements to Reform College Teaching and Learning in the United States and Their Inspirations

20 世纪80 年代以来，美国本科教育领域发生了两项重大的改革运动，即大学教学改革运动和学 习成果评估运动。两大运动深刻地影响了美国本科教育的进程，将美国大学关注重心重新从科研转向教学， 促进了教学学术身份的认同、以学习为中心教学范式的转型以及结果导向的质量评估模式的建立。本文详 细分析了两大运动产生的背景、发展路径、实践影响以及对我国大学的借鉴意义。

Since the 1980s， two major reform movements have arisen in American undergraduate education， i.e. teaching reform movement and learning outcomes assessment. These two movements have a profound impact on the process of American undergraduate education by shifting the focus of undergraduate education from scientific research to teaching， promoting the identification with the scholarship of teaching， transforming teaching paradigm and establishing a results-oriented evaluation model. The article presents a detailed analysis about the background， development path and practical influences of these two movements and their inspirations for China.