学术权力的凝视: 日本大学治理结构的历史演进与运行逻辑——日本大学高层次科学创新能力形成的一个视角

Academic Power: Historical Evolution and Operational Logic of the Governance Structure of Japanese Universities———One Perspective on Formation of High-Level Science Creativity in Japanese Universities

日本大学治理结构在一个多世纪的历史演进过程中形成了以学术权力为中心的运行逻辑，成为日 本大学高层次科学创新能力形成的重要机制。本文运用米歇尔·福柯的“权力－ 知识”理论解读日本大学治理 结构，发现日本大学治理结构的本质是全景敞视式的权力设计，权力运行和知识生产两者之间有机统一，学术 权力成为大学治理结构改革的逻辑起点。日本大学治理结构改革的经验对中国的重要借鉴价值在于，应当彰 显法治主义，使国家权力与大学权力之间保持一定的边界; 大学内部应当突出学术权力的支配性地位，建构内 聚型的学术权力运行体系。

In the process of over one-century evolution，the university governance structure in Japan has developed an operational logic with academic power at its center and this is the important mechanism for the formation of high-level creativity in Japanese universities． Based on Foucault’s power /knowledge theory，it can be found that the governance structure of Japanese universities is essentially a panoptic style of power design，with an organic and unified relation between power and knowledge． The governance structure aims to promote knowledge productivity and its reform has academic power as the logic starting point． The governance structure reform in Japanese universities has implications for Chinese universities in that a boundary should be maintained between state power and academic power through rule of law in the construction of the university governance structure and meanwhile the dominance role of academic power should be highlighted so that a cohesive academic power operation system can be developed．