美国STEM教育中社会组织的作用及对我国的启示

The Role of Social Organizations to STEM Education in the U.S. and Enlightenment to China

美国近年来高度重视科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域的教育。在推进STEM教育的过程中，美国充分利用企业、非营利机构等组织与政府部门共同建立了一个高效的跨部门合作的新模式。该文分析美国STEM教育中社会组织的类型、支持形式，以及政府对STEM教育发展的顶层设计和组织定位，并针对我国发展STEM教育提出开放办教育、加强顶层设计和跨部门协作以及发挥科技场馆的作用等建议。

In recent years， the United States attaches great importance to Science， Technology， Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. In process of promoting STEM education， the U.S. government builds an efficient inter-departmental model through cooperating with enterprises， Non-Profit Organizations and other organizations. This paper analyzes the type of social organizations， forms of support in STEM education in the U.S.， as well as top-level design and localization of the government and social organizations. Finally， some suggestions are given to China’s development of STEM education， such as opening up the provision of education， strengthening top-level design and cross-departmental cooperation， and taking full advantage of science and technology museums.