数字化测验环境中学生问题 解决能力影响因素分析 ——以PISA 2012为例

The Analysis of the Influential Factors of Student’s Problem Solving Competence in Digital Test Environment —Taking PISA 2012 as an Example

数字化测验环境中的问题解决能力测验表现不仅会受到个体心理品质的影响，也可能会受到学生信息技术工具使用熟练程度的制约。该研究利用PISA(国际学生评价项目)2012年新加坡、中国上海、澳大利亚、德国基于计算机的问题解决测验数据，使用两水平线性回归模型，分步考察了问题解决坚持性、问题解决开放性、学生ICT的简单使用对问题解决能力的影响。研究结果表明：问题解决坚持性和开放性对问题解决能力有积极影响，学生ICT的简单使用有负向预测作用；在学生层面，学生问题解决坚持性和开放性对问题解决能力的影响程度比ICT的简单使用要大，而在学校层面情况则相反。最后，我们认为ICT简单使用的熟练程度不会制约学生的测验表现，提升学生问题解决能力要注重培养学生的问题解决坚持性和开放性心理品质，要注重利用信息技术改进教学方式，促进学生复杂认知能力的提升。

When the test of problem solving is implemented in digital environment， the student’s performance may be influenced by their psychological qualities. Specially， the student’s proficiency of ICT using may constrain student’s performance. Drawing on the data of problem solving test of Singapore， Australia， Germany and Shanghai-China from PISA(the Programmer for International Student Assessment)2012，the current study have stepwise examined the impact of student’s perseverance and openness of problem solving and simple ICT using on problem solving competence with a two level linear regression model. The results indicate that perseverance and openness of problem solving positively predict problem solving competence， whereas the student’s simple ICT using negatively predict problem solving competence. The effectiveness that perseverance and openness predicting problem solving competence in the student level is larger than that student’s simple ICT using predicting problem solving competence. However， it is opposite in the school level. At last， we conclude that， the proficiency of simple ICT using will not constrain the test performance. To promote the student’s problem solving competence， we should pay attention to foster student’s psychological qualities of perseverance and openness of problem solving， and improve the teaching approach with the information technology to facilitate the development of student’s complex cognitive competence.