普校教师对残疾儿童随班就读的态度研究

A Study of Regular School Teachers? Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education of Children with Disabilities

残疾人的生活状况很大程度上与人们的歧视态度、行为和社会的歧视环境有关。虽然要克服和消除 社会的消极态度存在巨大的挑战，但它是促进随班就读的关键，而普校教师的态度又是其中最为关键的因素之一。 对三市、县的12名普校教师进行访谈，了解了他们对残疾儿童及其随班就读的态度和认识、对随班就读存在的问 题和困难的看法和建议。结果表明，普校教师普遍对残疾儿童随班就读持保留意见，相对更赞成特殊学校的教育 形式;教师对随班就读的认识不足，缺乏相关信息和专业培训；认为残疾儿童随班就读的主要困难是在普校学习成 绩跟不上、学习压力大的问题，其次是自身专业知识的不足；认为解决问题的关键在于改变态度，改革评价考核机 制和促进教师的专业培训。此外，城市教师和县城教师对残疾儿童随班就读的认识深度和广度也存在显著差异。

The living conditions of people with disabilities are largely related to people's discriminative attitudes，behaviors and social discriminative environment. Although there are massive challenges to over- come and eliminate social negative attitudes，it is the key to promote the inclusive education and the attitudes of regular teachers are one of the most important factors. This study interviewed 12 regular school teachers from two cities and one county， to learn about their attitudes towards inclusion of children with disabilities in regular classes， and their views and suggestions regarding the existing problems and difficulties. Results showed that，the regular school teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education were generally negative and were more in favor of the special school education； the teachers were lack of relevant information and professional training and only had limited understanding of the inclusive education； the teachers considered the difliculties of inclusive education mainly were that students with disabilities had difliculties in catching up with regular classmates in terms of academic performance and they experienced high study pressure，and the teachers themselves were lack of professional knowledge. The keys to solve the problems are to change attitudes，reform the assessment mechanism and promote teachers’ professional training. Furthermore，it showed a significant difference in the width and depth of thinking between teachers from county and city.