中国大陆小学品德教科书中榜样的嬗变 ——人民教育出版社1999年版和2005年版小学 品德教科书内容分析

A Content Analysis of the Elementary School Moral Education Textbooks Published by People^s Education Press in 1999 and 2005

采用内容分析法比较新课程改革前后人民教育出版社1999年和2005年版本的小学品德课教科书， 对榜样人物的年龄、性别、职业、教学方式等20个维度进行纵向分析，考察其演变轨迹。结果发现两个版本教科书 中，榜样人物不变的主要特征为“儿童”中国”“现代”“男性”和“汉族”，但榜样人物在“是否点明”“类型”“虚实”“职 业”政治面貌”榜样品质”及“呈现方式”和“教学方式”等维度有着显著或极其显著的变化。新课改理念及课程标 准是榜样变迁的主要政策依据。新课改之后教科书中榜样运用体现出真实性、主体性、时代性、生活化、多元化等 优点。而女性榜样少、趋避明星人物和出现道德功利主义倾向等新旧问题则是日后教科书优化的关注点。

Moral education textbooks play an important role in shaping students' thinking and morality. The current study adopts a content analysis approach to compare two versions of elementary school moral education textbooks published by People?s Education Press between 1999 and 2005， and examine the changes of role models used in these textbooks along 20 dimensions. The results showed that the major role models in both versions of the textbooks were dominant in terms of children， Han Chinese， modern people and males. However， the results also revealed some significant or extremely significant differences in the names， types， occupations， political positions， moral qualities， pedagogical methods used， and the presentations of these role models in both editions of textbook. The idea of new curriculum reform and the new curriculum standards were the main policy basis of the changes of role models. After the new curriculum reform， the role models used in the textbooks moved towards presenting more real-life ordinary people， towards addressing the students' real life experience， towards keeping up with the times， and towards diversification. There are some ongoing issues for optimizing moral textbooks in the future that deserve our attention， such as using more female role models， selecting more star characters as role models， and avoiding the tendency of utilitarianism.