大学知识生产范式的转向

The Paradigm Shift of University Knowledge Production

自洪堡创建柏林大学以来，其大学知识生产模式经历了由“模式1”到“模式2”再到“模式3”的发展 路径。模式1知识生产模式因其无法满足社会转型的需求而陷人困境，不得不转向模式2;模式2知识生产理论为 突破学科界限，促使大学知识生产走向社会，强调大学、企业和政府之间的互动做出了很大贡献，但因其忽略了公 民社会实体等因素使其难以成为理想的知识生产模式；模式3知识生产理论以创新网络和知识集群为衍生基础， 依托“四重螺旋”创新生态系统为适应情境，以多节点、多边界、多层次、多形态为特征，嵌人联合演进、联合专属和 共同竞合的逻辑运行机制，并以学术性企业为努力方向构成了动态，融合的知识生产创新系统。大学知识生产应 该尽快从模式2向模式3转型，并以此服务国家的发展战略，进而促进地区和国家的经济繁荣发展。

Since Humboldt founded the Berlin University，the knowledge production mode has shifted from Model 1 to Model 2 and then to Model 3. Model 1 could not meet the needs of social transformation， so the production mode had to shit to Mode 2. The latter has made a great contribution to breaking the boundaries of different disciplines， promoting knowledge production towards society and highlighting the interaction among universities， industries and governments； however， it is far away from the tdeal production mode due to its ignorance of some factors， such as the civll society as an entity. Mode 3 is based on the knowledge clusters and innovation networks， and exists under an adaptive context of “quadruple helix innovation ecosystem”. Mode 3 has the characters of being multi-nodal， multi-lateral， multi-level and multi-modal； tt embeds the logical operation mechanisms of co-evolution， co-specialization and co-opetition and has formed dynamic and syncretic knowledge production innovation systems by aming at becoming academic industry. Knowledge production in the university should transform from Model 2 to Model 3， ser- ving the nation?s development strategy and thus promoting the regional and national economy growth.